Indicators of abuse
Indicators that a child or adult at risk may be experiencing abuse could include the following:
- Unexplained or suspicious injuries such as bruising, cuts or burns, particularly if situated in a part of the body not normally prone to such injuries. Bruises that reflect hand marks or fingertips could indicate pinching or slapping, Cigarette burns and scalds would also be a concern
- Frequent visits to the GP or A&E
An injury for which the explanation seems inconsistent
- Fear of parents or carers being approached for an explanation
- Flinching when approached
- Depression and/or anxiety
- Running away from home or residential care
- Children missing school
- Speech and language delay
- The child or young person describes what appears to be an abusive act involving him or her
- Someone else (a child, young person or adult) expresses concern about the welfare of another person
- Unexplained changes in behaviour e.g. becoming very quiet, withdrawn or having severe temper outbursts
- Self harm
- Inappropriate sexual awareness
- Engaging in sexually explicit behaviour
- Discomfort when walking or sitting down
- Distrust of adults, particularly those with whom a close relationship would normally be expected
- Has difficulty making friends
- Is prevented from socialising with other people
- Displays variations in eating patterns including overeating and loss of appetite
- Loses weight for no apparent reason
- Becomes increasingly dirty and unkempt
- Inconsistency between standard of living and income
This list is not exhaustive and the presence of one or more of the indicators is not proof that abuse is actually taking place or has taken place. For signs against each type of abuse refer to the safeguarding children and adults at Risk procedures.